The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.